In our culture, the bottom of the body and its functions is an uncommon topic to discuss in a decent society.Therefore, diseases affect these parts of the body, causing suffering not only physically but also psychological characteristics.Unfortunately, one of these diseases - hemorrhoids - is not as rare as we want;At least 10-15% of the entire adult population on Earth is its object.Normally, people from 30 to 50 years old have hemorrhoids, and men are four times more than women.Alas, away from all the patients, feel the signs of the disease have begun, going to the doctor.The wrong shame that prevents many people, they like themselves, this only worsen their position.But hemorrhoids, like other diseases, is the most easy to treat in the early stages.
What is hemorrhoids and causes
The final part of the digestive tract, the end of the colon, is called rectal;It starts somewhere at the level of the third vertebra and ends with the anus.Its blood supply is provided by the five arteries (one of them, not paired, called hemorrhoids) and the blood flow is performed by a wide vein of the veins located in the lower layer of the rectum.In the lower part of the rectum, or hemorrhoids, under the mucous membrane is the cave body, or the cave, pierced by the smallest venous network.Typically, the walls of these vessels will support connective tissue, but if it is weakened, the blood flow is increased, and the flow is disturbed, then the walls of the ships are swollen, the cave's body is full of blood and sticking out, filling the entire compartment and sometimes showing.Hemorrhoids are the same body swollen blood and protruding.Sometimes, the appearance of hemorrhoids causes mechanical causes when, under the influence of some factors, the muscle fibers of the rectum are prolonged and loosened, causing the movement of hemorrhoids to the anus and their loss.The number of nodes in patients is very different - from one to much, can fill the entire anus.Their size is also very different - from 5 mm to 3 cm.
Although the exact causes of the appearance and the development of hemorrhoids have not been revealed, it is believed that the following factors contribute to it:
- A sedentary lifestyle.People especially suffer the appearance of hemorrhoids, for a long time to stay in a sitting position or stand for a long time.When a person is sitting or standing for a long time, the stagnation of blood occurs in pelvic organs, which can disturb the blood flow through the veins.
- Physical work.However, physical activity is not a cure for cypress;People who work in areas need to have prolonged and constant physical labor also suffer from hemorrhoids.
- Complications for defecation- It could be chronic diarrhea or constipation.Both of these states cause increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, thus, resulting in an increase in hemorrhoids and their loss.
- Nutrition is not suitable.The increasing use of alcohol, spicy foods cause a artery stream for the cave body of the rectum, contributing to their expansion.Food, poor fiber, constipation and the abundance of fat - diarrhea.
- Heat or overheat the pelvic area.Both conditions worsen blood circulation and contribute to stagnating blood in the pelvis.
- Pregnancy, childbirth.In this state, a woman increases the pressure in the abdomen and blood flow through the veins may be disturbed.As a result, hemorrhoids can form.
- Obese.Especially the appearance of hemorrhoids suffered people with fat mainly deposited in the abdomen.
- Some sexual practicesIncluding anal sex.
- Different diseases: liver disease (with them, venous blood is weakened, increased pressure in veins, contributing to the development of hemorrhoids);disease of pelvic organs (bladder, prostate);Neoplasms and/or inflammation in pelvis, intestines.
- Genetic reason: Lack of function of connective tissue, impaired nerve regulation of the tone of the vein walls, the disease of the heart and blood vessels.
Symptoms of hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids arise gradually and cannot be recognized;A person does not experience special inconvenience, unless sometimes after defecation may feel uncomfortable, painful, itchy in the anus.Soft fabric in the anus area may swell.The mucus can be released from the rectum, stimulating the anus and causing a burning sensation.Sometimes patients have a feeling, as if a foreign body in the back hole;After defecation, long pain is often.These phenomena are enhanced to violate diet or gastrointestinal disorders.But most people often look for a doctor after detecting blood in the stool, on toilet paper or underwear in the form of droplets, stripes or, in rare cases, intense bleeding.
However, bleeding from the anus is not always related to hemorrhoids (especially if the patient is over 40 years old).Rectal bleeding can also occur in the following diseases:
- Anal fissures
- Cancer of rectal
- Losing rectal
- Colitis, polyps, Condylomas
Patients should pay attention to the appearance of bleeding due to a change in intestinal behavior, the appearance of a color or consistency is different from normal.With such symptoms, consult a doctor immediately may occur in another place of the digestive tract.
How does hemorrhoids manifest
Hemorrhoids occuroutsideorinternal.With external hemorrhoids, the hemorrhoids are expanded, formed from the lower vein plexus and located right in the anus.Because inflammation is not in the rectum, but outside it, if you want, you can consider this area with your own eyes.Bleeding in this form of hemorrhoids is actually not available, but the patient is very interested in pain in the rectum.The external nodes are often inflamed, injured by rough linen and are often regenerated into cancer formation.This type of hemorrhoids is relatively rare - no more than 10% of the total number of patients with the disease.
The internal hemorrhoids are placed in the lower layer of the rectal mucosa, which can be seen with naked eyes in the later stages of the disease, when the shell of the cave's body is deformed that it goes through the anus.The main symptoms of internal hemorrhoids are the presence of blood in the stool (although usually scarlet, artery, may also be dark veins with blood clots), pain during defecation.In the later stage of the disease, hemorrhoids fell from the anus;At first, they were drawn inside, but then the patient had to do it by hand.
There is also a combination of hemorrhoids, including the caves of the rectum and the venous plexus under the skin of the anus is deformed.
Hemorrhoids occursharp(When its symptoms grow rapidly, the buttons are inflamed, inflamed to neighboring tissues, patients with painchronic.After that, the disease lasted for a long time, month and even for many years, while more severe periods - bleeding occurred, the buttons fall out, were pinched and caused much inconvenience.During the remission, provided that prevention measures are observed by the actual patient does not feel uncomfortable.
Disease development stage
Most cases of hemorrhoids are diagnosed in the later stages - because the patient does not pay attention to symptoms, attributing them to other reasons, or due to the wrong shame, tightening the trip to the doctor.There are four stages of hemorrhoids.
- The first phase.Symptoms are impressive, only manifested in special cases (for example, with intestinal disorders, after severe labor, long -lasting or sitting on the spot, food disorders, overheating or lowering heat).Sometimes patients feel uncomfortable during defecation, burning and itching after it.When checking, the doctor pays attention to the presence of blood stagnation and prolongs the walls of the blood vessels.If the hemorrhoids are managed for diagnosis at this stage, the treatment occurs quickly and there is no problem.
- Second phase.Hemorrhoids increase in size, their walls become thinner, small broken can be formed on them, leading to bleeding.In patients, after physical exertion, complex defecation or lower body heat, can observe the traces of blood in the stool, on toilet paper or underwear, but bleeding is very small and quickly passes through.Hemorrhoids are expanded a bit and may fall out of the anus after defecation, however, return themselves.Their appearance is caused by the increased pressure in the peritoneal with serious stress, whether it is a strong or strong physical labor.At this stage, you can still use conservative treatment.
- Third phase.The anal sphincter muscles undergo difficult to treat and weaken changes, as the result of the falling hemorrhoids can only be adjusted by hand.Patients worry about serious itching, bleeding is frequent and abundant.Conservation treatment is no longer possible.
- Fourth phase.The buttons are expanded to the point where they cannot be repaired.The muscles of the anus are very weak, the sound of the sphincter is reduced.For the loss of buttons, even the smallest physical activity is enough.The buttons may be in the form of seals, they are inflamed;Inflammation can also affect nearby fabrics.
Complications for hemorrhoids
Fortunately, complications with hemorrhoids are not found too often.Although most of the patient's hemorrhoids, the kind of blood, it is not so prominent that it is a danger to life.However, with constant bleeding, anemia is possible.
The flow of mucus from the anus causes itching and can lead to eczema.
With the further development of the disease, when the hemorrhoids have turned to the third or fourth phase, the patient is greatly reduced by hand -to -hand inconvenience.And they were able to fall out not only after defecation, but also with heavy cough, sneezing, physical effort.
In rare cases, falling hemorrhoids may be pinched by muscles of anal sphincter, causing serious pain.If the buttons are not adjusted, thrombosis may develop.These are the most difficult complications possible for hemorrhoids, requiring medical care immediately.In this state, the hemorrhoids are swollen, stressed, significantly increasing in size and pus infection in the patient's body is possible.Patients lose their appetite, their temperature increases, they get sick.
Any disease worse if it is not treated.It is no exception for hemorrhoids - in case of non -treatment, it progresses, this can lead to irreversible changes in rectal veins.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth
The reason for the development of hemorrhoids in pregnant women is squeezing the veins of the rectal cave bodies, increasing the size of the uterus, causing weakened blood flow, blood vessels and the formation of hemorrhoids.In addition, the appearance of hemorrhoids in pregnant women can cause constipation when stools extend to the rectum and damage the cave body.As a rule, in recent months of pregnancy, a woman is forced to have a sedentary lifestyle, which does not contribute to the healing of the body.While giving birth, the muscles of the perineum are stressed, the cave body of the rectum is prolonged and injured.With the serious extension of the muscles of the perineum, the weakening of anal sphincter is possible and thus losing buttons.
Often those who have given birth to the symptoms of hemorrhoids with the consequences of giving birth and not seeing the doctor immediately, thus causing the development of the disease.
Which doctor is exposed to suspicion of hemorrhoids?
If a person is interested in unpleasant feeling in the anus, itching, as well as the traces of blood, you should consult a collapse of an expert or doctor.
Diagnosis
Typically, to diagnose hemorrhoids, there is enough visual examination of the patient's body.At the same time, the patient has a knee elbow position or occupies a gynecological chair.The doctor checks the patient's anus, paying special attention to the condition of the skin, the presence of hemorrhoids, their value and position.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may conduct other studies:
- Rectal.The doctor checks the tissue of the anal canal, assesses the status of the mucous membrane of the rectum, as well as the surrounding organs and tissues, determining the location of the hemorrhoids, their value and whether the pain and whether bleeding is bleeding.True, the exact size of the buttons cannot be placed - when feeling, as prescribed, as prescribed, reduced in size.In this case, the patient may lie on his back, on his back or stand on all four legs, and the doctor in his index finger check the rectum from the inside.After checking the finger, the doctor may prescribe endoscopy and spector endoscopy.
- Endoscopy.For Anoscopy, a special device is taken in the back, allowing the doctor to check the rectal surface for 10-15 cm.Using Anoscope, the doctor identifies the exact cave bodies affected, even though the tumor shape and inflammatory diseases in the rectum.Ancoscope is also used for testing - biopsy and stroke.This procedure is painless and actually has no contraindications;The exception is the serious stage of inflammatory diseases.After that, the doctor recommends eliminating inflammation and only then checks.
Although Anoscopy is a fairly simple procedure, it requires preliminary preparation.Therefore, there is nothing to prevent the rectal test, the patient should not eat the night before, nor make two detergents - half of the day before the procedure time and the second - a few hours before it.The doctor may also ask the patient to use laxatives in the previous night.
In addition, to eliminate the risk of developing cancer disease, the doctor may ask the patient to passIndustry endoscopy- Check Sigmoid and Rectum.With this test, the doctor can check the internal surface of the rectum even increasing to 25 cm.If for some reason, it is impossible to perform killing intent (say, patients with rectal disorders), they are done instead of itColonoscopy- When the internal surface of the rectum is tested by endoscopy.
Thanks to this approach, the doctor can get a clear picture of this disease, at which stage and how it will grow.On the way, you can identify other diseases that affect the activity of the body's systems nearby.Often hemorrhoids are accompanied by diseases of the anus of the body and the colon, causing bleeding from hemorrhoids.Sometimes there is also an irritable bowel syndrome.
How to treat hemorrhoids
After the diagnosis, the doctor decided which treatment to prescribe.But for all stages of hemorrhoids, from the first time to the last time, the treatment is done that allows you to prevent the symptoms of the disease - to reduce pain, stop bleeding.If the hemorrhoids of the first stage or the second stage, it can be cured when used -is controlled.Conservative treatment - that is, the use of drugs that relieve pain, prevent complications and also contribute to the patient's surgical rehabilitation.The best results are given by using the medications of both external and internal use.
| Group | Scope | Application method | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anti -inflammatory drugs and painkillers are not drugs | Eliminate inflammation, reduce swelling, anesthesia | Verbal | |
| Venotonizing dealer | Improve blood vessels, reduce venous expansion, prevent thrombosis | By mouth, outside | |
| Hemorrhage | Stop bleeding | Oral, injecting | |
| Ointment | Reducing spasms and inflammation, anesthesia | Outside | |
| Anticoagulant | Prevent thrombosis of hemorrhoids | Inject | |
| Laxative | Normalization of a chair | Verbal | |
| Pioneer | Normalization of a chair | Outside | |
| Candle | Stimulating blood supply, analgesic, anti -inflammatory | Outside |
If after one or two weeks, there is no positive change to be observed, a second exam should be through an expert expert who will offer another treatment.
If the hemorrhoids of the second or third phase and cannot be cured only with drugs, treated like that.Small intrusion methods - unlike surgical methods, they cause less injury to patients, patients spend less time in the hospital and are recovered faster.This includes:
- Infrared radiation.Using an infrared symbiotic substance, the doctor acts on hemorrhoids with high temperatures, causing the skin of blood vessels.This activity does not need anesthesia (except in the case of high personal sensitivity of this area in patients) and have low injuries.Bloody can also be done using laser.
- Sclerotic therapy.The patient in the hemorrhoids introduces a special substance to the walls of the vessels.Typically, with scleroderma therapy, a substance is inserted no more than two buttons so that the patient does not suffer from pain syndrome.The next session was held for two weeks.
- Ligating (belts) of hemorrhoids with Latex.This method is often used to treat hemorrhoids in elderly patients who are complicated to treat the disease.At the same time, a small round made from Latex is applied to the base of the button, gradually squeezing the button, leading to its necrosis and rejection.At the same time, bleeding does not occur, because the tree is blocked by the ring;After that, a healthy connective tissue was formed in its position.The procedure is almost painless, low injuries and the ring can be applied quickly with anoscope.
- Refrigerated therapy.In this treatment, the hemorrhoid button is exposed to low temperatures, after melting it dies, the wound leads to healing over time and connective tissue formed at the position of the node.Activities are conducted under local anesthesia.
All minimally invasive treatments are used only in the absence of serious hemorrhoids.If hemorrhoids enter the acute phase, first of all need to reduce inflammation and reduce bleeding.
Treatment of hemorrhoid surgery
At the fourth stage of hemorrhoids, surgical treatment is indicated.Activity (cutting hemorrhoids) is done in the following way: The main groups of the hemorrhoids must be removed, the ligament is applied to their base, the sides of the wound are stitched.Although it sounds scary, active, although quite uncomfortable, very effective and the smallest recurrence.However, after that, complications are possible: severe pain, bleeding, scars, anal canal deformation, strict anus, wound impairment, paraproct inflammation.After the surgery, the regime is required to be observed by the doctor - refusing during the time of physical activity and hot bathroom.
Hemorrhoids treatment at home
There are many folk remedies from hemorrhoids, but not all of them are effective, and some may be harmful.Should use them when approving the doctor attending.
The decoction of the highlands of the kidneys, the fruit of Rosehips and the raspberry leaves will help reduce inflammation and normalize the melody of the blood vessels.You can also wash the area of anal and hemorrhoids buttons, especially after defecation, herbs have anti -inflammatory effects (Calendula, St. John's Wort, Chamomile).Also for them, you can take a warm bath for 10-15 minutes to reduce inflammation and pain.
Prevent hemorrhoids
The easiest way to avoid the appearance or severity of hemorrhoids, eat accurately to soften seats and no constipation.This following:
- There are high fiber foods- Fruit, vegetables, cereals.This softens the chair and increases the volume, helping to avoid increased pressure in the abdominal cavity.However, in small parts should be included in your diet so that they do not cause increased gas formation.Should avoid sharp dishes, spices and wine.
- Drink plenty of liquid.Drink from six to eight glasses of water or other liquids every day (excluding alcohol here) to make the chair softer and do not hurt the walls of the rectum.
- Add drugs that contain fiber to your diet.Most people do not receive enough fiber every day (25 g is recommended for women, for men - 38 g).Some nutritional supplements may improve the general condition of patients with hemorrhoids developing.But do not forget that by putting additives with high diet fibers into the diet, water consumption or other liquids (not alcohol) on eight glasses a day or more should be increased.If not, they can cause constipation.
- No stress during defecation.Excessive stress and keep the breath when trying to reduce the pressure in the rectal veins.
- Timely visit the toilet.If a person is for a number of reasons to remove bowel movements, the chair can become dry and will be more difficult to remove it from the body.However, you should not participate in laxatives - with continuous use, they can irritate the anus and even contribute to the development of inflammatory processes in the rectum.
- Exercise.Exercises should be performed or participate in any other physical activity that will improve the condition of the body's blood vessel system, improve blood flow and reduce pressure on the vein.With sitting or standing, should take a short break after a few hours, walk, last, perform a few exercises.
- Avoid long -term immobility.Sitting for too long or standing can increase the pressure on the veins in the rectum.