Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in rectal hemorrhoids. The inflammation of the hemorrhoids is characterized by thrombosis, the shape change and the pathological expansion of hemorrhoids veins, forming nodes around the rectum.
According to statistics, about 25% of people with hemorrhoids, sometimes they become worse. And more than 70% of people at least occasionally encounter different symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as discomfort in the anus area, itching and pain during defecation.
Hemorrhoids in women often occur during pregnancy and childbirth. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy should be treated with very gentle methods, because a pregnant woman is not recommended to use some drugs for hemorrhoids prescribed in normal order. Hemorrhoids in men are also a fairly frequent phenomenon caused by a number of other causes and factors that will be discussed further.
What are the causes of hemorrhoids?It is often accepted that hemorrhoids grow due to its increase in blood flow or incorrect flow, leading to stagnant processes. The cause and factors of the development of hemorrhoids are:
Genetic tendency for hemorrhoids. This is the main factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids, to say in the first place. And although hemorrhoids are not inherited, a trend of this disease can be determined by genetic factors. The genetics of certain gene groups lead to congenital factors or vascular dysfunction in the rectum. This is the cause of an enhanced flow and not enough blood flow through the cave veins, resulting in later pathological expansion. A long -term expansion of cave veins leads to thinning of blood vessels, contributing to the appearance of bleeding with hemorrhoids.
Long -term work and lifting weights. As well as a sedentary lifestyle, physical overload also contributes to the development of hemorrhoids. First of all, this applies to those who are forced to stay in a standing position for a long time. This category includes teachers, lecturers, Switzerlands, guards, hairdressers and others. Advanced is another reason for the development of hemorrhoids and losing hemorrhoids.
A sedentary lifestyle. This is a serious negative factor, mainly related to office workers, drivers and people, leading a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of hemorrhoids through various mechanisms. First of all, this is the pressure to increase the rectal ships in the sitting position. With prolonged seats, the anus area is hot, leading to stagnant and expanding blood vessels. In addition, physical effort is a real path for the development of intravenous deficiency. This includes this applicable to veins in the rectum.
Chronic constipation and diarrhea. People with chronic constipation tend to develop hemorrhoids. Why does this happen? The problem is with constipation, hard stool, putting pressure on the veins in the lower intestine. This leads to a decline in the blood supply of the cave and the appearance of hemorrhoids. An additional element in constipation is a strong habit of promoting the defecation process, creating additional pressure on ships in the rectum.
Like constipation, contributing to the growth of hemorrhoids and severe diarrhea (diarrhea), leading to irritation and inflammation of the rectum.
Pregnant. Hemorrhoids during pregnancy and childbirth are a frequent phenomenon, because the fetal's drive creates pressure on the rectal veins. And the stressful efforts during the birth only worsen the process of hemorrhoids and contribute to the formation of new hemorrhoids.
Improper nutrition, abuse of spicy food and alcohol. An important factor in the appearance of hemorrhoids is malnutrition. Specifically, the abuse of spicy foods leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa, and also stimulates a strong blood flow to the rectum. And the use of not enough fiber (plant food) worsens the movement of the intestine. The stimulus factor in the development of hemorrhoids is alcohol, expanding the vessels. The reception of alcoholic beverages, even in small amounts, can cause the seriousness of chronic hemorrhoids.
The main factors contribute to the development of hemorrhoids:
Obesity.
Genetic trend.
A sedentary lifestyle (lowering blood pressure) or work related to low exercise.
Activities related to excessive muscle tension (high physical activity).
Emphasize.
Violating blood flow in the rectum.
Constipation often.
The process of inflammation and tumors in the intestines and liver.
Infection.
Smoke.
Internal and externalAt the appearance of hemorrhoids, the disease is divided into two main types: internal and external hemorrhoids.
With external hemorrhoids, the nodes formed in the surrounding area immediately, related to this, their sensitive surfaces often break through and bright red bleeding. Pain in hemorrhoids outside is quite sharp and strong, but in terms of independent diagnosis, this species does not represent any difficulties.
The type of hemorrhoids inside, although it brings a much more serious threat to health, is often distinguished by complete lack of pain (especially at the initial stage of the disease). This fact is explained by the fact that the hemorrhoids are deep inside and their surface is the same mucus of the rectum, living it.
DegreeUsually distinguish 3 degrees internal hemorrhoids:
Level 1. Hemorrhoids are placed in the anus tube, may not be perceived (even with a rectal study). Complaints about inflammation of the anus and bleeding, painful seizures after defecation.
Level 2. The buttons protruding from the anus when stretching and disappearing independently. In principle, the same disorders are observed here as with hemorrhoids at level 1, however, the small broken mucous membranes are more frequent, and the anal inflammation is stronger.
Level 3. It is characterized by the loss of hemorrhoids, not restoring independently. Symptoms may be the same as 2-, but often the phenomena of feces and further gases. When tested by hemorrhoids, it is distinguished from the falling of the anus along the radiant grooves, purple and tubers.
Symptoms of hemorrhoidsSigns of hemorrhoids typical of all the stage of development of the disease:
Anal discomfort;
Pain during defecation (not significant at first, then strong);
bleeding from the anus;
The formation and growth of hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids are a chronic disease that progresses for many years. The growth rate of the disease depends on many factors, including nutrition and lifestyle.
For the initial phaseThe disease is characterized by a slight increase in veins in the anus. Usually such a sign is still not noticed. In this case, the patient may be disturbed by releasing blood from the rectum that occurs immediately after defecation. Blood can be easily seen on toilet paper. The memorable thing is that a similar symptom is the characteristic of malignant intestinal tumors, so when it happens, you should consult a Proctologist. Searching for a timely doctor and the appointment of therapy will easily slow down the growth of hemorrhoids.
In the second phaseThe development of patients may periodically have difficulty in the anus and itching. Often he has a feeling of a foreign body in the anus. Hemorrhoids begin to fall during defecation and still easy to adjust.
For the third phaseHemorrhoids are characterized by an increase in existing features. Large veins of the anus make it difficult for the empty bowel movement, becoming the cause of constipation, the main bowel movement accompanied by pain and bleeding. Strong bleeding with hemorrhoids is dangerous, over time it can lead to anemia growth.
For the final stageThe diseases are characterized by an increase in the size of hemorrhoids. They cannot be frank with a hand. The presence of advanced veins in the anus causes serious discomfort, it hurt patients, go to the toilet. He is worried about abundant bleeding in each defecation. The fourth stage of the development of hemorrhoids can be complicated by unpleasant and dangerous phenomena such as thrombosis of the veins at the end of the rectum.
Hemorrhoids in pregnant womenVery often occurred hemorrhoids in the last three months of pregnancy and childbirth. The cause of hemorrhoids is the increase in the uterus of the intestinal vein, leading to a decrease in blood flow from the intestine and from the perineum. Vienna increased in diameter and changed shape. Constipation periodically in pregnant women can also cause its appearance.
However, in most women, the symptoms of hemorrhoids have passed the postpartum period, so it is believed that the causes may be hormonal changes. It must be treated immediately after detecting its first symptoms. It is important to deal with constipation, for example, using medication to reduce stool (Forlax, Laminaride, Methyl -velosis), comply with hygienic rules (washing anus after defecation). Hemorrhoids (Aurobin, relief, etc. ) are used mainly outside in the form of ointment and candle. Surgical intervention is only performed in serious cases.
Prevention of hemorrhoids should be done from the first days of pregnancy - performing the competent diet to prevent constipation, do not wear tight belts, spend more time in fresh air and walk.
What is danger?Progressive disease without appropriate treatment will lead to some uncomfortable complications.
Complications of hemorrhoids:
Anemia (developed with a long process of diseases when bleeding abundant).
Inflammation processes in surrounding tissues, until the development of paraproct inflammation (fiber inflammation around the rectum). Paraproproct inflammation is considered a very serious complication that needs serious treatment.
The cracks of the anus. The most common cause of severe pain in hemorrhoids. The cracks create favorable conditions for the development and penetration of various infections deep into soft tissues. This fact can lead to the development of formidable complications as an abscess (limited purulent inflammation, accompanied by general instability, temperature and intense pain). This complication needs compulsory surgical intervention.
Itchy. A very uncomfortable complication, which is not just a strong negative psychological time, weakens the patient's psychological state. The continuous mechanical stimulation of the anus, can significantly worsen the process of the process of the disease. In addition, continuous damage to tissue increases the risk of developing different tumor processes.
The deficiency of anal sphincter, the uncertainty of gas and feces (usually in the elderly).
Following, hemorrhoids need to diagnose early and take the immediate measures to solve this problem.
What does hemorrhoids look like: photosDiagnoseAs a rule, diagnosis is not related to special difficulties, the diagnosis occurs as part of the patient survey and the initial outpatient test. Check to help determine:
The degree of loss from the anus of the nodes,
Assess their ability to return,
Skin condition,
as well as related and level of bleeding.
Symptoms for hemorrhoids are similar to some other diseases. Therefore, diagnosis should be careful because there is a risk of prescribing incorrect treatment. Hemorrhoids may be confused with:
Anal cracks, also accompanied by mild bleeding, pain during defecation;
Rectal cancer (malignant intestinal tumor occurs during bleeding);
loss of rectum;
Colitis, polyps and Condylomas.
If you notice the first signs of the disease in yourself, do not take a trip to the doctor for a long time. Early diagnosis will facilitate treatment and help avoid complications but also surgical intervention.
How to treat hemorrhoids?Treatment of hemorrhoids conservation:
Make sure to normalize your gut empty. Chairs should be regular, soft. To normalize feces with hemorrhoids, foods with diet fibers, including wheat bran, are recommended, but their number should be increased in 2-3 weeks. (From 5-10 g to 20 g per day), eliminating the appearance of discomfort.
With constipation, you can propose lactulose up to 30-40 ml a day to achieve a daily soft chair and other vehicles, follow the diet and recommend for constipation.
The treatment of local drugs: Rectal candles from hemorrhoids and ointment.
With pain, candles contain small doses of drug vehicles (for example, Beladonna, etc. ) Help. You can prescribe candle, sodium alginate, ichthyol, depending on the symptoms and the stage of the disease.
If you don't have bleeding, you can prescribe bullets or phenylefrin hydrochloride ointments, etc. v. But all drugs are prescribed in each case, so only one expert expert can prescribe the accurate treatment after checking the patient.
In pain, in addition to candles, creams can be used, but not more than 30 seconds.
To increase the effectiveness of local drugs, oral products need to improve the melody of venous veins and prevent thrombosis: diosmine, troxerutin.
Lutting hemorrhoids (ProLapse) are the basis for wearing their clothes. When the thrombosis of hemorrhoids, cold and capocaine hydrochloride (1%solution) is locally used, and may be more bandaged.
When relapsed, despite being treated, surgery to remove hemorrhoids.
The drug treatment is only symptoms - meaning hemorrhoids do not thoroughly cure hemorrhoids. However, they allow you to temporarily deal with the unpleasant signs of hemorrhoids. If the patient after treatment with drugs will comply with medical recommendations to prevent recurrence, surgical treatment can be avoided.
But the patient can not follow all recommendations.
Small invasion methodMinimal invasive treatment allows you to quickly and without serious injuries to eliminate a sophisticated problem like hemorrhoids. The treatment in most cases only disturb the symptoms of the disease, delay the time when it is necessary to use more thorough methods. Before appointing a specific procedure, the doctor studied the history of patients, conducted a comprehensive examination, assessed all possible risks.
Sclerotic therapy- This is a low treatment method through special rigid fibers brought into the button, paste its walls, to be able to achieve the end of their nutrition and death in the future. The technique is only performed in 1-3 phases. It does not rule out the risk of recurrence and is only effective for small hemorrhoids.
Multi -electricIt is done under the control of Anoscope. The electrode is put into the foot of the button and the fabric is freezing (welding), then they quickly die. In a procedure, 1-2 pathological focal points can be escaped. After pasting, the hemorrhoids stop eating and developing, and after a while completely disappeared.
Ligating with Latex-One of the most modern methods of minimally invasive treatment for hemorrhoids within 1-3 stages. A Latex ligament is applied via anoscope on the foot of the button, resulting in pressing the tissue and violating the blood circulation in them. After 8-14 days, the hemorrhoid button dies and is removed by Latex.
Refrigerated therapy- Short -term effect for hemorrhoids with liquid nitrogen. After that, the hemorrhoid button died and disappeared. The procedure takes place under local anesthesia, so there is no pain.
Small invasive procedures are contraindicated in:
worsen the process of inflammation in the rectum and anus;
anal fissure, injury;
Thrombosis of hemorrhoids.
Small invasive methods against hemorrhoids can only be used in 1-3 stages of the disease, necessarily worsen the inflammatory process. All procedures are carried out after local anesthesia. No need to use whole body anesthesia. In one session, it is only possible to remove 1-3 nautical miles. Sometimes treatment takes place in a number of stages, from a period of several weeks.
Surgical treatmentSurgical treatment is the most effective treatment for the third and fourth phase.
Activities of eliminating hemorrhoids, proposed to return in the 30s of the last century, were still applied and continued to be revised. In the world, two types of activities are mainly carried out:
Hemorrhoids. Applicable in phase III and IV of the disease.
Exchange open. Also in phase III and IV, but complicated by anal fissures or paraproct inflammation.
Also in 1993, a new way to treat hemorrhoids was proposed, it was done by Dr. A. Longgo of Italy, including the round removal of the mucus and the output of the rectum with a special device.
The patient was discharged for 3-4 days after surgery, the recovery of defects occurred after 5-7 days. A small percentage of complications after surgery is also recorded.
Power and diet after surgeryIn most cases, patients, after hemorrhoid surgery, can start drinking and eat a few hours after surgery.
But to observe the dining table (according to Pevzer 1A), to eliminate products and dishes that stimulate stomach secretion and stimulate its mucus. Food must be cooked in the form of being erased, cooked for steam or boiled on the surface of the water, it is necessary to have a condition of liquid and shape. Exclusion: Hot and cold, bread and flour, raw fruits, cheese, dairy products, sour creams, cheese, spices, sauces, coffee, tea.
Eat 6 times a day in small parts. The normal restoration of the intestine usually occurs on the second day after surgery, so it can be conducted for regular diet. But, of course, all the sharp and spicy dishes should be excluded, alcohol should also be forgotten. Compliance with these recommendations, you can reduce recovery time after surgery and reduce the risk of complications.
Home treatmentYou can take independence of some measures that will help reduce the symptoms of hemorrhoids at home. However, the memorable thing is that they will not help escape the disease:
Warm bath helps. You can bathe or just sit in a water basin. It is necessary to place the anal area in warm water for 10-15 minutes 2-3 times a day.
Thorough hygiene of the anus. Need to bathe or bath daily, thoroughly wash the anus.
Do not use soap in the anus and other vehicles can cause irritation. Avoid using flavored wet towels, including alcohol.
Do not use conventional toilet paper. It is better to use wet towels, but no alcohol.
Use cold. To remove edema in the anus, you can use heating pads, ice bags, and fabric moisturized in cold water.
In addition, diet with hemorrhoids pursues two goals: to prevent constipation and irritation in the rectum. Main recommendation:
Drink enough liquid. This will help make the chair softer, enabling it to pass through the intestine.
Your diet should include lots of vegetables, fruits, cereals. They contain vegetable fiber, which helps prevent constipation.
Wine, coffee, strong tea should avoid.
Limit sharp dishes, spices.
It is better to get food in small parts, 4-5 times a day.
Eat at the same time.
Physical activity also helps to normalize the work of the intestine.
GymnasticsExercises for the purpose of preventing constipation and strengthening anal sphincter. For example, improving the blood flow and strengthening the muscle layer of the press, you can normalize the work of the intestine, and prevent constipation:
The Viking scissors are done by lying on the back with a lifting leg, which needs to be diluted and overcome;
However, bicycles are a fairly famous exercise, very reminiscent of a bicycle trip, however, lying on your back;
And you can lie on the floor (on the back), set foot straight, lift one or the other leg, if possible, achieve a right angle in the hip joint. Or bend your legs in your knee and spread to the sides, while trying to tear the basin from the floor as much as possible.
Therefore, a person is arranged that he feels his fifth point in any position and can lead it, so gymnastics to enhance the anus does not require any device and can be done anywhere, and those around you cannot notice it.
Therefore, the exercises to strengthen the sphincter:
Stand up, cross your feet and relax the muscles;
Choose the hardest chair, sit down a bit forward (you can easily do it on the desktop), try to reduce and relax the sphincter in turn, try to push the anus into the rectum. You should take 20 minutes to exercise, if you want, always be able to find.
PreventThe best tool against hemorrhoids is prevention. There are factors that affect the development of the disease:
Abnormal seats, constipation or diarrhea trend, strangled habits during defecation or for a long time to sit in the toilet with a book;
Difficult work and vice versa, the shortage of motion, staying in the sitting position;
pregnancy and childbirth;
Alcohol abuse.
This means that adjusting the lifestyle will help reduce the process of the disease.
Review the diet: Give up simple carbohydrate (cakes, sweets) to support complicated support (vegetables, fruits, vegetables, cereal bread), instead of tea and coffee, drink water, it will help normalize a chair.
Avoid alcohol, including beer.
With hemorrhoids, we do not want to ride horses, heavy athletics, bicycle sports, but walking or swimming is simply necessary.
It is very useful to strengthen the muscles of the abdominal and buttock presses, to exercise in the Kegel.
Sitting on the toilet for a long time is a bad habit. But to use after accessing hygienic pots or bathing gradually to wash, on the contrary, very useful.
If, although it is impossible to avoid all prevention measures of serious condition, it is not necessary to panic. Should change the seating position into a lie, apply cool compressors to the pain point, moisturize in weak potassium permanganate solution or arrange the bathroom with chrysanthemum (not hot! ), Do not forget the diet and personal hygiene.
